n95 mask n95 face mask for sale

Masks are a necessity nowadays, and now they are hard to find. Today I will share with you the production process of disposable masks. Look at how masks are produced mechanized.

The disposable mask is made of two layers of 28 grams of non-woven fabric; the bridge of the nose is made of environmentally friendly plastic strips, which do not contain any metal, and are breathable. It is comfortable and especially suitable for electronic factories and daily use.

Disposable masks are divided into disposable two-layer masks, disposable non-woven masks, disposable three-layer masks, and disposable activated carbon masks. How to use: Hang the elastic ear hooks on both ears, with a full nose, lightly press the fixing piece to fix it, so that the mask fits the face.

The disposable three-layer mask is made of two layers of non-woven fabric and filter paper; the disposable three-layer mask is made of two layers of fiber non-woven fabric that is professionally used for medical and health care, and the middle layer is added to filter and prevent bacteria up to 99 More than% of the filter melt spray cloth is ultrasonically welded. The nose bridge is made of environmentally friendly plastic strips, which do not contain any metal, and are breathable and comfortable. The filtering effect B.F.E is as high as 99%, which is especially suitable for electronic factories.

The disposable activated carbon mask is made of 28 grams of non-woven fabric on the surface, and the first layer in the middle is anti-bacterial filter paper to prevent bacteria and prevent virus damage; the second layer in the middle uses a new type of high-efficiency adsorption and filter material-activated carbon fiber, active Made of carbon cloth, it has the functions of anti-virus, anti-odor, filter bacteria and dust.

The production process of disposable masks

Common disposable masks on the market are made of non-woven raw materials, which need to use: 1. PP non-woven fabric, 2. melt blown cloth, 3. nose bridge, 4. ear straps and other materials.

In addition to the above-mentioned raw materials, it also needs production equipment, 1. Mask filming machine, 2. Mask ear band spot welding machine, 3. Mask packaging machine.

Production Process:

Hang the raw material of the non-woven fabric on the material rack of the mask filming machine. After the debugging is OK, the machine will automatically produce the mask sheet. Then the mask sheet is transferred to the earband machine for tapping. The finished product is then packaged. This is a semi-automatic machine production process, which requires 3-6 people to operate. (1 main unit + 2 earband machines)

Fully automated machines are relatively labor-saving and labor-saving. The raw materials are hung on the rack, and the machine automatically feeds. The automatic production is carried out by one body machine dragging 2 to 3 earband machines, and only 2-3 personnel are required to operate .

Disposable masks can be used in electronics manufacturing, dust-free workshops, catering services, food processing, schools, motorcycles, spray processing, stamping hardware, electroplating, chemicals, steel, electric welding, health centers, handicraft industries, hospitals, Various uses such as cosmetology, pharmacy, factories, environmental cleaning, and public places.

People have to wear masks recently due to the large spread of the new coronavirus. The virus does not exist in the air alone, and must be spread by the suspended particles in the air, which are usually droplets in the human nasal cavity and oral cavity, and most of this droplet particles can be filtered out. So to say that N95 masks can filter out viruses does not mean that N95 masks can kill viruses.

01 What is N95 mask?

The N95 mask is one of the nine anti-particulate masks certified by NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health). "N" means unsuitable for oily particles (the fume produced by cooking is oily particles, and the droplets produced by people talking or coughing are not oily); "95" means that under the testing conditions specified by the NIOSH standard, filter The efficiency reaches 95%. N95 is not a specific product name. As long as it meets the N95 standard and passes the NIOSH review, the product can be called "N95 mask".

The biggest feature of N95 masks is that they can prevent droplet infection caused by the patient's body fluids or blood splashes. The size of the droplets is 1 to 5 microns in diameter. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) stipulates that medical personnel exposed to tuberculosis bacteria must wear masks above the N95 standard for medical institutions.

The N95 mask is tested with 0.3 micron sodium chloride particles, and the barrier rate must be above 95%. When the wearer's face is tested for tightness, it is ensured that air can enter and exit through the mask when it is close to the edge of the face. Only those who meet this test will be issued an N95 certification number.

02 What is a medical mask?

Medical masks are mostly made of one or more layers of non-woven fabrics. The main production processes include meltblown, spunbond, hot air or needle punch, etc., which are equivalent to resist liquids, filter particles and bacteria, and are a kind of medical protection. textile.

A medical mask is composed of a mask face and a tension band. The face of the mask is divided into three layers: inner, middle, and outer. The inner layer is made of skin-friendly material, the middle layer is the isolation filter layer, and the outer layer is a special material antibacterial layer. This kind of high-efficiency medical mask has strong hydrophobicity and air permeability, and has a significant filtering effect on small virus-carrying aerosols or harmful dust, but cannot effectively filter PM10 and PM2.5. The overall filtering effect is good, and the materials used are non-toxic, harmless and comfortable to wear.

How to use medical masks:

1. Use a mask to carefully cover the mouth and nose and tie them firmly to minimize the gap between the face and the mask;

2. When in use, avoid touching the mask-after touching the used mask, for example, to remove or clean the mask, wash your hands with soap and water or use alcohol hand sanitizer;

3. After the mask is damp or contaminated with moisture, put on a new clean and dry mask;

4. Do not reuse disposable masks. Disposable masks should be discarded after each use.

A few days ago, I said "N95 is the same as KN95" in the group, and other friends said "I don't understand it." Self-esteem was severely hit, so I decided to study the relevant knowledge.

The purpose of this post is twofold:

Summarize some of the knowledge you have recently learned, and provide you with references;

If there is something wrong, please criticize and correct the professional.

First, summarize the characteristics of common types of masks in this epidemic:

Medical protective mask (Medical N95)

KN90/ KN95/ KN100

N95/ N99/ N100:

Medical surgical mask

Disposable medical mask

1. Which masks are recommended?

▲Masks with a filtration efficiency of ≥95% for non-oily particles, including medical protective masks, N95, KN95, etc., can effectively block the spread of virus droplets and are recommended. Among them, medical protective masks have the function of blocking blood, body fluids and splashes. (KN90 filtration efficiency ≥90%, slightly worse than KN95, can also play a certain protective effect)

▲Medical surgical mask (YY0469-2011 standard) non-oily particle filtration efficiency ≥30%, bacterial filtration efficiency ≥95%, it has the effect of blocking blood, body fluids and splashes, and can also play a better protective effect. It is recommended.

Disposable medical masks (standard YY/T0969-2013) only require bacteria filtration efficiency ≥ 95%, no requirements for particle filtration efficiency and liquid barrier, and the protective effect is limited. Considering that the first two types of masks may not be easy to buy now, disposable medical masks can also be used in places where people are not crowded.

Disposable medical masks are similar in appearance to medical surgical masks, so pay attention to distinguish them (see name and standard).

If you can't buy the above, buy ordinary medical masks starting with YZB.

All masks have a certain effect, and wearing a mask can prevent the virus better than not wearing it.

For the daily blocking of droplets, the protective effect is roughly ranked as follows: medical protective mask level 3 (≈N100≈KN100)>medical protective mask level 2 (≈N99)>medical protective mask level 1 (≈N95≈KN95)>KN90>Medical surgery Masks＞Disposable medical masks/other medical masks

Quoting two pictures from the official account of People’s Daily:

Source: People's Daily Official Account

Source: People's Daily Official Account

2. What is the difference between N95, KN95, medical protective mask, and medical N95?

In general, N95/KN95 refers to masks (respirators) with non-oily particles filtration efficiency ≥95. Medical protective masks/medical N95 consider the special requirements of the medical environment, and have more liquid barriers on the basis of non-oily particles filtration efficiency ≥95 And other requirements.

● N95: in line with the United States NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) "42CFR Part 84 Respiratory Protective Devices"; non-oily particles filtration efficiency ≥ 95.

● KN95: Comply with my country's standard "GB2626-2006 Respiratory Protective Equipment—Self-priming Filtered Anti-Particulate Respirator"; non-oily particle filtration efficiency ≥95.

The specific technical requirements and test methods of non-oily particle filtration efficiency in the two standards of N95 and KN95 are basically the same, and the protective effect is basically the same, but they belong to different national standards. That is, N95≈KN95.

● Medical protective masks: meet the Chinese standard "GB19083-2010 Medical Protective Masks"; according to the non-oily particle filtration efficiency ≥95, ≥99%, ≥99.97% corresponding to "level 1," "level 2" and "level 3" respectively; There are requirements for liquid barrier, which has the effect of blocking blood, body fluids, and splashes, and no exhalation valve is allowed.

● Medical N95: Refers to masks that have reached N95 level and meet medical standards; measured by American standards, they should be certified by NIOSH of the United States and certified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); measured by Chinese standards, they should meet GB19083-2010 Medical protective mask.

There is no "N95" in my country's "GB19083-2010 Medical Protective Masks", but as long as it meets the GB19083-2010 standard, it has definitely reached the filtration efficiency of N95. Therefore, some domestic medical protective masks, although they have not obtained the US NIOSH The certification is often called "Medical N95".

That is, medical protective mask ≈ medical N95.

Common medical protective masks (medical N95) masks:

The domestic 3M mask 9132 model: It has obtained the N95 level certification of NIOSH of the United States, and has also obtained the certification of the China Food and Drug Administration, which meets the Chinese standard "GB19083-2010 Medical Protective Masks".

Imported 3M mask 1860 model: Obtained the N95 level certification of the United States NIOSH and the U.S. FDA certification, and also obtained the certification of the China Food and Drug Administration, in line with the Chinese standard "GB19083-2010 Medical Protective Mask"

US NIOSH "42CFR Part 84 Respiratory Protective Devices" is not a medical device standard. Some of the N95 masks are medical because they are certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or meet the Chinese standard "GB19083-2010 Medical Protection" Masks. Therefore, the statement that N95 and KN95 "one is a medical device standard, the other is a general standard" is incorrect.

3. Why can masks with non-oily particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) ≥ 95 be effective for protection?

The following is taken from "GB19083-2010 <Technical Requirements for Medical Protective Masks> Standard Interpretation":

"Microbes such as bacteria and viruses do not exist alone in the air. They attach to dust and droplets to form aerosols. Microbial aerosol particles can be filtered by filter materials..."

The virus is released into the air through droplets or droplet nuclei produced by coughing, sneezing, and talking. In general, the propagation distance of droplets during speech is about 1 meter, and the propagation distance during sneezing and coughing will be longer; the droplet nucleus is small in size and can float in the air for long and long distances as aerosols. The red in the picture below is droplets and the gray is droplet nuclei.

Image source: https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/12/01/364749313/ebola-in-the-air-what-science-says-about-how-the-virus-spreads

The filtration efficiency of non-oily particles of medical protective masks, N95, KN95, and medical surgical masks can be understood as: the percentage of non-oily particles with a median aerodynamic mass diameter of 0.3 μm.

The diameter of the droplet is generally greater than 5μm, and the diameter of the droplet core is less than or equal to 5μm, generally greater than 1μm. Therefore, both droplets and droplet nuclei can be easily blocked by masks with non-oily particle filtration efficiency ≥ 95.

The filter material is not a sieve, it is not a simple particle blocking, but a combination of diffusion effect, interception effect, inertia effect, gravity effect, and electrostatic effect. Masks filter non-oily particles. It is not that the smaller the particles, the more difficult it is to filter, but a concave curve. The lowest point (the most difficult to filter) is about 0.3μm particles, so the filtration efficiency of masks is generally based on the measurement of particles about 0.3μm. .

The relationship between filtration efficiency and particle size (picture source: CDC website)

my country's GB19083-2010, GB2626-2006, YY0469-2011 three standards for non-oily particulate filtration efficiency indicators are measured using the median diameter of particles 0.075μm ± 0.020μm (equivalent to the median aerodynamic quality diameter 0.24μm ± 0.06μm) NaCl aerosol particles.

The United States NIOSH 42 CFR 84 non-oily particulate filtration efficiency index test uses NaCl aerosols (particles) with a median particle diameter of 0.075μm (equivalent to aerodynamic mass median diameter of 0.3μm).

Description of filtration efficiency test in "GB19083-2010 Medical Protective Masks"

4. Must I choose a mask with a bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) ≥ 95% (or 99%)?

This statement is incorrect.

Bacteria filtration efficiency greater than 95% is not equivalent to N95! This is because some sellers and purchasing agents are confusing concepts!

Source: Screenshot of WeChat Moments

Bacterial filtration efficiency does not directly reflect the filtration ability of droplets/droplet nuclei.

Bacterial filtration efficiency is tested with bacterial aerosol particles with an average particle diameter of about 3.0μm, and non-oily particles are tested with particles with a median diameter of about 0.075μm.

● Medical protective masks and N95/KN95 have no requirements for bacterial filtration efficiency, but the filtration efficiency of non-oily particles is ≥95%, and the protective effect is better than medical surgical masks and disposable medical masks with bacterial filtration efficiency ≥95%.

● In addition to bacterial filtration efficiency ≥95%, medical surgical masks also require non-oily particle filtration efficiency ≥30, so they can also have a better protective effect;

● Disposable medical masks (or other ordinary medical masks) only meet the bacterial filtration efficiency ≥95% (or ≥99%), there is no requirement for particle filtration efficiency, and the protection effect is relatively poor.

5. Can waterproof masks block droplets?

This statement is incorrect.

There is a way to identify whether a mask can block droplets on the Internet: "Use a mask to catch water. If it does not leak, it means that it can be waterproof, so that a mask can block droplets." In fact, this statement is incorrect.

Source: Screenshot of WeChat Moments

A waterproof mask may not be able to block droplets, and a mask that can block droplets may not be waterproof.

No water leakage can only mean that the mask has a hydrophobic layer to prevent liquid splashing. The droplets and droplet nuclei are essentially particulate matter, mainly relying on electrostatic adsorption of the filter layer.

● Medical protective masks and medical surgical masks have liquid barrier requirements, so there will be a hydrophobic layer to block blood, body fluids, and splashes.

● Ordinary N95/KN95 does not have liquid barrier requirements, but it can also effectively block droplets, and the effect is better than medical surgical masks.

● A mask with only a hydrophobic layer but no particle filtration efficiency requirements can be waterproof, but the droplet blocking effect cannot be determined.

6. Can't a mask with an exhalation valve provide protection?

This statement is incorrect.

A friend sent me a popular science post on Weibo, saying, “GB19082 has a basic requirement for medical protective masks not to have an exhalation valve, so do not consider masks with an exhalation valve. Don't buy them. They are not anti-virus." This statement is incorrect.

Source: Weibo screenshot

First of all, the standard for medical protective masks is GB19083, not GB19082.

Secondly, medical protective masks cannot have an exhalation valve, but it does not mean that masks with an exhalation valve cannot prevent viruses.

The exhalation valve is one-way, closed when inhaling, and opened when exhaling, which can reduce the resistance during exhalation and improve comfort.

Medical protective masks (Medical N95) are not allowed to have an exhalation valve, which takes into account the special needs of the medical environment. For example, the exhalation valve may expel droplets or bacteria from the mask wearer out of the mask, thereby threatening the patient or other people undergoing surgery , And the exhalation valve part may not be able to meet the requirements of liquid splash prevention, etc.

therefore:

Medical staff or patients who have direct contact with the disease should use medical protective masks without breathing valves (Medical N95);

There is no obvious difference in the protective effect of ordinary people blocking droplets, whether there is an exhalation valve or not;

For people who are infected or suspected of being infected, taking into account the needs of protecting others, masks should not have an exhalation valve.

The mask in the picture of the People's Daily official account has an exhalation valve:

Source: People's Daily Official Account

7. Must choose medical mask? Industrial grade and anti-smog N95/KN95 are not good?

This statement is incorrect.

"The GB2626-2006 standard KN95 that can be bought on Taobao are all industrial masks, which can only prevent dust but not viruses."

"Medical materials are so scarce, and hospitals only need GB19083-2010 medical protective masks, indicating that the KN95 of the GB2626-2006 standard cannot provide protection."

"The standard index of GB2626 is lower than that of GB19083. It can be used to prevent smog. Don't buy medical protection."

"N95 usually refers to the general term, representing the level of protection. In fact, industrial protection and medical protection have the N95 level. Not all N95 can be anti-virus. Now many businesses fish in troubled waters and blow the industrial protection N95 masks into anti-virus, or Stupid or bad."

These statements are not accurate.

Source: Weibo screenshot

Source: Screenshot of WeChat Moments

● First-line medical staff and those who are in direct contact with patients should use medical masks in consideration of the particularity of the environment (requirements for preventing liquid splashing, etc.). Therefore, the hospital accepts donations as long as GB19083-2010 medical protective masks and YY0469-2011 medical masks Surgical mask.

● Ordinary people can choose non-medical N95/KN95. You don't need to consider the need for splash prevention. After all, patients with new coronavirus spit or spit at you should not encounter situations.

It's not that the merchants fished in troubled waters blowing industrial dust-proof or anti-smog N95 masks into anti-virus. Regardless of the color, style, and purpose of the N95/KN95 mask, as long as it meets the standards, whether it is NIOSH in the United States, or China's "GB19083-2010 Medical Protective Masks", or "GB2626-2006 Respiratory Protection Products-Self-priming Filter Type" Anti-particulate respirator", all meet the non-oily particles (PM0.3) filtration efficiency ≥95%, can be used in industrial dust prevention, can be used to prevent haze, can also effectively block droplets.

It’s just that the former selling point was anti-smog, so some masks that originally met the N95/KN95 standard (PM0.3 filtration efficiency ≥95%) were specifically labeled as anti-PM2.5, which does not mean they can only prevent PM2.5.

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